What should I do if my pipe is frozen?

A frozen pipe can stop water from flowing and increase the risk of bursting, flooding, and structural damage. As temperatures drop, water inside the pipe freezes and expands, putting pressure on the pipe walls. If left untreated, a frozen pipe can crack or burst, leading to costly repairs.

This guide explains why pipes freeze, how to safely thaw them, and what to do if a pipe bursts.

Why Do Pipes Freeze in Winter?

Pipes freeze when temperatures fall below 0°C. Some pipes are more vulnerable to freezing due to their location or lack of insulation.

The most at-risk pipes include:

• Outdoor plumbing – Garden taps, hosepipes, and sprinkler systems.
• Unheated areas – Pipes in lofts, basements, garages, and crawl spaces.
• Pipes in external walls – Poor insulation allows freezing temperatures to reach pipes.

Once frozen, pipes must be thawed carefully to prevent cracks and water damage.

What to Do If Your Pipes Freeze

Look Out for the Warning Signs

• No water coming from taps – A blockage inside the pipe prevents flow.
• Frost on exposed pipes – Ice formation on the pipe surface suggests internal freezing.
• Strange noises – Whistling or banging sounds may indicate water struggling to pass through a frozen section.

Find the Frozen Pipe

• If only one tap has no water, the frozen section is likely close to that fixture.
• If multiple taps have low or no flow, the freeze is in a main supply line.
• Check pipes in unheated spaces, such as attics, garages, or external walls.

Thaw the Pipe Safely

Thawing a pipe gradually reduces the risk of bursting.

• Open the affected tap – This allows melting water to flow and relieves pressure inside the pipe.
• Apply gentle heat – Use a hairdryer, warm towels, or a portable heater.
• Never use an open flame – Blowtorches and lighters can damage pipes and cause fires.

If the pipe does not thaw, a professional plumber can safely restore water flow.

Finding a Burst Pipe

If water suddenly starts leaking, spraying, or pooling, a pipe may have burst. In this case, immediate action is required.

What to Do If You Have a Leak or Flood

Turn Off the Water Supply Straight Away

Locate the stopcock or main water valve and shut it off to prevent further flooding. The stopcock is usually found under the sink or near the water meter.

Turn On All the Taps

Opening taps drains remaining water from the system, reducing pressure inside the pipes.

Soak Up Any Escaped Water

Use towels, mops, and buckets to absorb excess water and prevent damage to flooring and furniture.

Make Your Electrics Safe

If water reaches electrical outlets, appliances, or fuse boxes, turn off the electricity at the mains. Avoid touching wet electrical fittings.

Call Your Home Insurance Provider

Many policies cover water damage. Reporting the issue early can speed up claims and repair work.

Call a Registered Plumber

A professional can assess the damage and repair or replace burst pipes.

Cleaning Up After a Burst Pipe

Once the leak is repaired, drying out the affected areas prevents mould growth.

• Use fans, heaters, or dehumidifiers to dry walls, floors, and ceilings.
• Disinfect any water-damaged surfaces to remove bacteria.
• If plasterboard or flooring is severely damaged, replacement may be necessary.

How to Prevent Frozen Pipes in the Future

Insulate Exposed Pipes

Use foam lagging or pipe insulation sleeves to protect plumbing in cold areas.

Keep Heating On During Cold Weather

Set the thermostat to at least 12°C, even when away from home.

Let Taps Drip During Freezing Temperatures

A slow trickle of water reduces pressure inside pipes, lowering the risk of freezing.

Seal Gaps and Drafts

Close openings in walls, doors, and windows to stop cold air reaching pipes.

Drain Outdoor Pipes Before Winter

Turn off the outdoor water supply and drain hosepipes and taps.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long does it take for pipes to freeze?

Pipes can freeze within a few hours if temperatures drop below -6°C.

Can frozen pipes thaw on their own?

Yes, but slow thawing increases the risk of bursting. Controlled thawing is safer.

What should I do if a frozen pipe bursts?

Turn off the water supply, drain the system, and call a plumber immediately.

Is a frozen pipe an emergency?

Yes. A frozen pipe can burst at any time, leading to flooding.

What’s the best way to prevent frozen pipes?

Insulation, heating, and leaving taps slightly open in freezing weather help prevent freezing.

Final Thoughts

Frozen pipes can cause serious water supply issues and damage. Acting fast prevents costly repairs and protects your home. If a pipe freezes, gradually thaw it, monitor for leaks, and take steps to prevent future issues.